How is "financial intermediation" defined?

Financial intermediation refers to the process by which financial institutions, such as banks, credit unions, and investment firms, gather surplus funds from savers and channel them to borrowers who need those funds. This mechanism plays a crucial role in the economy by facilitating the flow of money, providing liquidity, and managing risks.

By acting as intermediaries, these institutions help to connect those with excess capital—such as individuals or businesses looking to save or invest—with those who need financing for various purposes, such as personal loans, mortgages, or business investments. This not only enhances the efficiency of the financial system but also promotes overall economic growth.

In summary, financial intermediation is essential because it reduces transaction costs, minimizes the risks associated with lending and borrowing, and improves the allocation of resources within the economy.